Poison detoxification which organelle

Why use Doubtnut? Instant Video Solutions. Request OTP. Updated On: Share This Video Whatsapp. Text Solution. Golgi apparatus LysosomesSmooth endoplasmic reticulumVacuoles Answer :. Solution :. Very Important Questions. Latest Questions. The invaginated section, with the pathogen inside, then pinches itself off from the plasma membrane and becomes a vesicle. The vesicle fuses with a lysosome.

Lysosomes digest foreign substances that might harm the cell : A macrophage has engulfed phagocytized a potentially pathogenic bacterium and then fuses with a lysosomes within the cell to destroy the pathogen. Other organelles are present in the cell but for simplicity are not shown. A lysosome is composed of lipids, which make up the membrane, and proteins, which make up the enzymes within the membrane.

Usually, lysosomes are between 0. The general structure of a lysosome consists of a collection of enzymes surrounded by a single-layer membrane. The membrane is a crucial aspect of its structure because without it the enzymes within the lysosome that are used to breakdown foreign substances would leak out and digest the entire cell, causing it to die.

Lysosomes are found in nearly every animal-like eukaryotic cell. They are so common in animal cells because, when animal cells take in or absorb food, they need the enzymes found in lysosomes in order to digest and use the food for energy.

On the other hand, lysosomes are not commonly-found in plant cells. Peroxisomes neutralize harmful toxins and carry out lipid metabolism and oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids. A type of organelle found in both animal cells and plant cells, a peroxisome is a membrane-bound cellular organelle that contains mostly enzymes. Peroxisomes perform important functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification.

They also carry out oxidation reactions that break down fatty acids and amino acids. Peroxisomes : Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain an abundance of enzymes for detoxifying harmful substances and lipid metabolism. In contrast to the digestive enzymes found in lysosomes, the enzymes within peroxisomes serve to transfer hydrogen atoms from various molecules to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2.

In this way, peroxisomes neutralize poisons, such as alcohol, that enter the body. In order to appreciate the importance of peroxisomes, it is necessary to understand the concept of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species ROS , such as peroxides and free radicals, are the highly-reactive products of many normal cellular processes, including the mitochondrial reactions that produce ATP and oxygen metabolism. Some ROS are important for certain cellular functions, such as cell signaling processes and immune responses against foreign substances.

Many ROS, however, are harmful to the body. Free radicals are reactive because they contain free unpaired electrons; they can easily oxidize other molecules throughout the cell, causing cellular damage and even cell death.

Free radicals are thought to play a role in many destructive processes in the body, from cancer to coronary artery disease. Peroxisomes oversee reactions that neutralize free radicals. They produce large amounts of the toxic H 2 O 2 in the process, but contain enzymes that convert H 2 O 2 into water and oxygen. These by-products are then safely released into the cytoplasm. Like miniature sewage treatment plants, peroxisomes neutralize harmful toxins so that they do not cause damage in the cells.

The liver is the organ primarily responsible for detoxifying the blood before it travels throughout the body; liver cells contain an exceptionally high number of peroxisomes.

Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Cell Structure. Search for:. The Endomembrane System and Proteins. Vesicles and Vacuoles Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport.

Learning Objectives Summarize the functions of vesicles and vacuoles in cells. Key Takeaways Key Points Vesicles are small structures within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer involved in transport, buoyancy control, and enzyme storage.

The Endoplasmic Reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and the modification of proteins. Learning Objectives Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum and its role in synthesis and metabolism. The proteins made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum are for use outside of the cell.

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones; detoxification of medications and poisons; and storage of calcium ions.

Key Terms lumen : The cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ. The question states that organelle A has more amino acids. This means that organelle A has more proteins than organelle B. These ribosomes give it a rough appearance under the microscope. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, therefore, rough ER will contain more proteins and amino acids.

We cannot draw any conclusions about organelle B, since most organelles contain fewer amino acids and proteins than the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The question states that the person has consumed too much alcohol, which means that the body must detoxify the chemicals from alcohol. You are therefore looking for the organelle that participates in detoxification of chemicals. In addition to synthesizing lipids, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in detoxification of chemicals.

This detoxification process occurs in the liver, which contains an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and mitochondria are the site of energy ATP production.

Steroids are an important component of cell membranes and gonadal hormones. What organelle is most important in the synthesis of steroids? Steroids are a type of lipid that include cholesterol needed for cell membranes and gonadal hormones estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone.

Since they are lipids, steroids are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the site of lipid synthesis. Remember that smooth endoplasmic reticulum also plays a role in detoxification of harmful chemicals. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is used to produce proteins that will be secreted from the cell, including most peptide hormones.

The Golgi apparatus is used to modify these proteins and create vesicles for protein transport. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest cellular wastes. Bob, a biologist who was researching a new eukaryotic unicellular species, wanted to study a particular protein Y. After obtaining and purifying the sample, Bob discovered that this protein had 3 subunits: A, B, and C. Through substantive scientific analysis, Bob discovered that protein Y operated in a membrane; however, he could not deduce which particular membrane.

Nonetheless, Bob found that only subunit B was traversed through the interior of the membrane. The only possible answer choices are the Rough ER and Cytoplasm since proteins are synthesized in these two components. Proteins intended to be membranous are synthesized exclusively on the Rough ER. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ER is responsible for the detoxification of a number of organic chemicals.

The smooth ER converts organic substances into water and other soluble products to allow for excretion. Large amounts of smooth ER are found in liver cells, where products of natural metabolism, drugs, and alcohol are detoxified. Fun fact: the smooth ER can double its surface area within a few days then return to its normal size once the assault has subsided. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ER is devoted almost exclusively to the manufacture of lipids, and in some cases the metabolism of lipids and their associated products.

Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. It also carries out the metabolism of carbohydrates and drug detoxification. The smooth ER of the endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes, hence the name smooth ER. The Golgi apparatus body sorts and ships proteins to the correct place. It does not produce proteins or enzymes, a type of protein.

Rough ER and ribosomes produce proteins. The Golgi apparatus does not produce DNA, which is the genetic code produced in the process of replication, and occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Rough endoplasmic reticulum ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids. Production of DNA is replication and occurs in the nucleus, as does transcription. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances. Proteins are synthesized by Rough ER and ribosomes.